"There is music in the midst of devastation / and a glory that shines upon our tears."
Laurence Binyon, the Fallen (1914).
Main branches: the philosophy continental philosophy and analytic two contemporary Western philosophy is divided in. The first movements or developed many fields such as phenomenology, hermeneutics, Marxism, existentialism, structuralism, postmodernism, etc. Studies of the latter in particular language, truth and logic. For supporters of theanalytical philosophy, should be limited importance to the analysis of language, especially for the study. On the other hand, most persistent feature of continental philosophy is the commitment to the questioning of the bases. Despite the large number of questions, we can say that the theme and the truth of the two major themes that have dominated contemporary philosophical discussion.
An overview of the history of continental philosophy reveals the name of Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) as one of the most innovative thinkers of the 20th Century. Like Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Weber, Wittgenstein and Adorno, Heidegger was a critic of modern culture. Writing after the First World War (1914-1918), examined the close relationship between us and the world to be understood by studying the nature of being. Heidegger believed that the entire philosophical tradition has been misdirected. As Heidegger sees it, WesternPhilosophy Plato to modern times was primarily occupied with bodies or things of the world, without seeing that the original deed is that most of the existence of the world. In other words, the Western philosophical tradition has forgotten the "question of being," the question of being.
George Steiner notes that the theme of Heidegger's work, the question was formulated by Leibniz: Why is there something rather than nothing? In this sense, notes, Sokolowski, that Heideggeris its role in the classic sense, and shows a deep knowledge of the history of philosophy. In fact, Heidegger was a philosopher sources, the historical've always had an eye on the history of philosophy. His work is an ongoing dialogue. In addition, it was the deep conviction that Heidegger's philosophical mission of the Germans accepted by the Greeks. Our goal in this paper is to give an overview of Heidegger's thinking to the history of the addressExistence.
For Heidegger, the central mystery is not knowledge but being, existence. He stressed the importance of understanding what "being" in the world and not "know" it. Heidegger was primarily concerned with the question that is the consideration of philosophers throughout history have escaped knowing worried: what is it? Or in other words, what it means to be? Heidegger wanted to define our place in the world, as this Being is the fundamental aspect of life. InIndeed, the question formulated by Aristotle and was the concern for the medieval scholastics. So what is new about Heidegger? Heidegger explicitly states that his way of being in the original discussion, as the metaphysics. Heidegger certainly rejuvenated the study of the nature of being through the phenomenological reflection. Now remember that Heidegger with Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) worked at the University of Freeburg. Husserl is the founder ofphenomenological philosophy of the twentieth century. A few words, phenomenology is the study of structures of experience or awareness. Early in his career, Heidegger was Husserl called the phenomenological attracted "return to things themselves". That is, the attempt to describe the things and experiences, without theoretical and metaphysical speculations.
Phenomenology is completely dominated, or at least its first phase of modern philosophy from Descartes to byKant. In terms of Husserl's mind or consciousness is an obvious starting point for any account taken of the reality and this is a principle common to Kant and German idealism. In fact, Husserl's phenomenology to Descartes' method of phenomenological reduction in the literature and the Cartesian (chemin Cartesian) is based. However, we see that Husserl's phenomenology is a kind of neo-Cartesianism. For now, suffice it to say that Heidegger has aoriginal method, the ontological phenomenology, in opposition to the main ideas of the transcendental phenomenology of Husserl's work. Christopher Macanno notes that Heidegger's break with the phenomenological tradition, a "Search is concrecity. Similarly makes Ernst Tugendhat, that the question of the meaning of being a radicalization of the phenomenological issue which was only possible by a breakthrough method.
Over time it seems to Heideggerintellectual scene in 1920, the German cultural disorientation. In fact shows the post-World War II era, in which Heidegger wrote a period of profound reflection on the end of German culture and imperial hegemony in Europe. As a result of this defeat, it was the creation of the Weimar Republic (1918-1933), the first truly democratic state in the history of Germany. the philosophy of the tradition of large computer systems initiated in byHegel wrote thinkers like Oswald Spengler and Ernst Bloch 1918-1927 largely utopia and decline. The horrors of war in this period of cultural despair resist. Artist tries to create an ideal world. They were angry at the destruction imposed on Europe in the name of patriotism. Certainly, the fate of man is on a current topic. The need for a renewal of the men was in the air.
According to Karen Leeder, after these catastrophic eventsGerman authors such as Rilke, George, Hofmannsthal and rejected the spiritual impoverishment of modern life, and sought salvation in a transcendent realm. That's not all. At the outbreak of war, the movement as Dada or Dadaism known internationally embraced the search for a completely new human language to express that the devastation and frustration at the time could. German Expressionism, the creation of a language and the world seek new ways by creating new forms. Significantly, theGerman was completely open to the renewal of the genre. This is because after the war, German, wanted to break with the past. Proceeding from this position may be based on the proposal to reopen the question of Heidegger's Being and his new philosophical vocabulary to be seen as a response to this situation. George Steiner tells us that the poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal into question the adequacy of the old words, was skeptical about the possibility of communication and believed that words had moreImportance. Heidegger and Wittgenstein certainly has listened to question von Hofmannsthal. Therefore, Heidegger wrote in a kind of German-Greek idiolect. Another reason is the desire to leave early with a vocabulary not infected by previous theories.
With Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, Heidegger is one of the main critics of the classical period of German idealism, philosophy known as German. It is true that Heidegger was influenced by bothKierkegaard and Nietzsche. In principle, Heidegger's philosophy is a discourse built on two elements: the traditional notion of subject and a reconstruction of the language to be a criticism allow understanding. Heidegger's major work Being and Time (1927) is a masterpiece of art and technology, even if the project is not designed in two parts complete. It was a reaction against the empiricist reductionism and transcendentalism that have dominated the philosophyResearch. This work represents an attempt by Heidegger to bring a new understanding of ourselves and the world is rooted in the phenomena of time at the center of philosophical discussion. Heidegger is trying to articulate through individual field ontological phenomenology. In short, Heidegger worked against two tendencies of Western thought: the known traditional metaphysics of Plato and Descartes and the ninetieth century positivism, including his version of the schoollogical positivism.
Copyright: Marco Antonio Bomfoco 2009
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